Pharmacy BPC-157

Sources · the registered citation list

BPC-157 References and Citations

Every BPC-157 study and FDA source cited across this site, listed with DOI, PMID, and URL — the preclinical base, the pharmacokinetics, the human pilots, and the regulatory record.

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How to read this list

Every quantitative claim on this site maps to a numbered entry below. The BPC-157 references run from the foundational cytoprotection and tendon work of the early 2000s through the 2017 angiogenesis mechanism study, the 2022 pharmacokinetic characterization, and the 2024-2026 human pilots and reviews. The regulatory sources are FDA pages, each verified loading and containing the cited BPC-157 entry. Peer-reviewed entries carry a PMID and, where available, a DOI; FDA entries carry the agency URL.

The weight of this list tells the same story the rest of the site does: a deep, citation-dense preclinical base, and a small set of human pilots and reviews at the top.

  1. Staresinic M, Sebecic B, Patrlj L, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(6):976-983. ↗
  2. He L, Feng D, Guo H, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogs. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1026182. ↗
  3. Hsieh MJ, Liu HT, Wang CN, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2017;95(3):323-333. ↗
  4. Xue XC, Wu YJ, Gao MT, et al. Protective effects of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on gastric ulcer in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10(7):1032-1037. ↗
  5. Novinscak T, Brcic L, Staresinic M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as an effective therapy for muscle crush injury in the rat. Surg Today. 2008;38(8):716-725. ↗
  6. Pevec D, Novinscak T, Brcic L, et al. Impact of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on muscle healing impaired by systemic corticosteroid application. Med Sci Monit. 2010;16(3):BR81-88. ↗
  7. Sikiric P, Gojkovic S, Knezevic M, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Striated, Smooth, and Heart Muscle. Biomedicines. 2022;10(12):3221. ↗
  8. Lee E, Padgett B. Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain. Altern Ther Health Med. 2021. ↗
  9. Lee E, Burgess K. Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2025. ↗
  10. McGuire FP, et al. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025. ↗
  11. Lee E, Walker C, Ayadi B. Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2024. ↗
  12. Protective Effects of BPC 157 on Liver, Kidney, and Lung Distant Organ Damage in Rats with Acute Pancreatitis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025;61(2):291. ↗
  13. BPC 157 Therapy: Targeting Angiogenesis and Nitric Oxide's Cytotoxic and Damaging Actions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025;18(10):1450. ↗
  14. Tracheocutaneous Fistula Resolved by Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy Through the NO-System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2026;19(1):145. ↗
  15. Sikiric P, et al. The Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Pleiotropic Beneficial Activity and Its Possible Relations with Neurotransmitter Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024;17(4):461. ↗
  16. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Certain bulk drug substances for use in compounding that may present significant safety risks (BPC-157 free base / BPC-157 acetate, Category 2; effective 2023-09-29) and Bulk drug substances used in compounding under section 503A of the FD&C Act. ↗
  17. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act (Category 1 and Category 2 definitions; January 7, 2025 revised interim policy under which newly nominated substances are no longer placed in numbered categories). ↗
  18. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (BPC-157, KPV, TB-500, and MOTs-C listed as substances being considered for inclusion on the 503A Bulks List). ↗